weiss



' 3 Shets-Slieet 1. F. J. WEISS N0 Model.)

GOVERNOR.

No. 560,450. Patented May 19, 1896.

1 124 a Law 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

PQJ. WEISS. GOVERNOR.

Nd-Model.

' No. 560,450 Patented May 19, 18.96.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3. P. J. WEiSS; GOVERNOR (No Model.)

No. 560,450. Patented May '19, 1896,.

' any time.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GOVERNOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 560,450, dated May 19,1896. Application tiled April 22,1891. Strialli'c. 389,989. 110 model.)Patented in Switzerland September 21, 1889,1112. 1,433,3I1d

March 14,1891,Ni1.1,433 "82, in Germany January 30, 1390,110.

54,922, October 30,1890,N0. 5S,300,December 11,

1890,1 58,304, and January 14,1891,No. 53,518; in France April 5, 1890,October 29, 1890, December 10,1890,and

Tannery l3, 1891,11 0. 204,822: in Belgium April 5,

1890,110. 90,096, October 29,

1890, No. 92,520, December 10,1890,

Nu. 93.047,and January 13, 189L110. 93,415; in England April 15,1890,110. 5,729, andin Austria-Hungary April 17, 1891,

To (/77 1/4/0111 if 'mr/ eon/(fern:

lie it known that 1, l nitxz Josnrn Wmss, of the city of llasle, in thecanton of Basic and Republic of h'w iizerland have invented a certainnewand useful Improvement in Governors (for which 1 have obtainedLetters latout as follows: in Switzerland, h ohi-i hdated September 21,l. '9, and No. 1,133/82, dated March l l. ls't l; intiermany,.\o.51,922, dated January 23 l. 9l No. b,Ii H ,dated October 30, lsml, R'o,55 -1, dated .l)eeember ]l, 1890, and No. 5%,518, dated January it,1891; in France, .\'o. 294, 22, datedApril 5, N90, Octoher-29. 1590,December 10,1999, and January l9, lh9l; in Belgium No. 99,999, datedApril 7, lishll, .\'o. 92,529, dated October 29, 1899, No. 921,017,dated .l)eeember 19, 1899, and No. 93,115, dated January 113, 139i; inGreat llritain, No. 5,729, dated April 15, 1899, and in Ausiria-llungaryNo. ii/lhtltli, dated April 17, 1891,)01' which the following is aspecification, ret'erenee being had to the aceompanying drawings. I

My invention relates to engine-governors, and more particularlylogovernors for use in pntaping-engines.

in the governors heretofore. generally employed the principal object hasbeen to maintain as uniform a speed as possible for the engine undervarying resistances. The object of my present invention is qniteadiii'erout one, inasmuch asthe object 15110111011121111' tain a uniformspeed, but, on the contrary, to provide for varying and adjusting thespeed of pumping-engines at will within the widest limits, so that thespeed of the engine and connected water or air pump may be adapted tothe amount of work required to be done at This variation may be etfoctedeither autonmtica-lly or by hand or in both ways combined while theengine is running, the above-mentioned object being attainedexelusivelyby the action of the governor upon the expansion-valve gearof the engine, the feed-valves for the steam being kept quite .open allthe while and no recourse being had to throttling. In order to indicatein the name of the improved governor the fund-(e mental ditlerencebetween it and the class of governor heretofore generally employed, Imay say that my improved device is an effect governor," while thoseheretofore employed may be termed speed-governors.

My invention consists in the combination, with what I call a highlystatic governor, of a peculiar connecting mechanism to be more fullyhereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is avertical sectional view of a governor and mechanism embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 is aplan of the revolving chamber of the governor withthe top cover removed therefrom, and Fig. 2-a similar plan showing amodification. Figs. 2 and 2 are a diagram and a vertical section,respectively, of the pipe connections for admitting water into themechanism connected with the governor for automatically regulat; ing thesame. Fig, 3 is a vertical section of another modified form of themechanism.. Fig. 4 is a sectional diagram showing the pipe connectionsfor admitting water to the mechanism from a reservoir.

In order to render this specification better understood as regards theconstruction and operation of my invention, and also in order to avoidsubsequent repetitions as much as possible without thereby impairing theclearness of the description, I will here state two facts having specialreference to the question at issue: 9 First. The frictional work perrevolution of a steam-engine and of a pumpingengine coupled therewith isuniform or constant for any number ofrevolutions of the steam-engine perminute, provided the load on the engine remains the same. It is oftenwrongly assumed that the said frictional work in-' creases with anincrease in the number of revolutions of the engine.

Secondly. If a pumping-engine requiring a given useful effect perrevolution be coupled with an expansion-engine,- and the sectional areasof the steam e nduit from the boiler, as

the same time the stean'l is throttled, be it in- Well as theexhaust-passages of the engine and i also the sectional area of thepassages for the] liquid in the pumping-engine, be sufiiciently large,so that within the widest limits of speed admissible for the engine athrottling of the steam and of the working liquid does not take place,or, at least, not beyond a very limited extent, then the saidsteam-engine, all other things remaining equal, will always require thesame cut-elf, no matter whether the on- I gins within the admissiblelimits of speed is running fast or slow. I

Supposing, for instance, that an air-compressoris driven by anexpansioirengine, then the area of the indiea tor-diagram of thesteamcylinder must be equal to the total area of the indicator-diagramof the air-cylinder plus the area of a surface representing thefrictional effect of the entire engine per single stroke of the same.Vthen the air-pressure remains uniform, the area of theindicator-diagram of matter whether the engine is running fast orslowly. According to what has been said in the abovefirst statement thefrictional work per revolution is likewise uniform, irrespec-' tive ofthe speed. Hence the total of both must also remain uniform, and thearea of the steam-cylinder diagram must therefore remain uniformlikewise.

It follows from the above that with a uniform steam-pressure the cutoffmust remain uniform throughout, no matter whether the engine runs slowor fast. This cut-off I will hereinafter call the necessary cut oil.Contrar to the popular idea it is not possible to changethe number'ofrevolutions of such an engine by varying the expansion unless at theair-cylinder will also remain uniform, no

tentionally or unintentionally. cylinder is given agreater cut-off, thenthe engine will run away. It,,( on the other hand, the cut-off is less,then the engine willstop.

If the steamthan the necessary I will now explain the construction andpeculiar operation of my improved device with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

The device shown in one form in Fig. 1 consists of the two followingprincipal parts, which must operate together-that is to say, of ahighlystatic centrifugal governor and of an intermediate adjusting mechanismbetween the said governor and the valve-gear of the engine. Each ofthese two connected parts must conform to certain specific conditions,to be hereinafter pointed out, as followsthat is to say, the governor,as already named, Inustoeahighlystatie one, or, in other words, to eachvariation in'the angular position of its balls must correspond adifferent rotary speed of the governor-shaft. At the same time thegovernor employed must be of great regulating capacity. By this term, asapplied to a governor, I mean the quotient obtained by dividing thegreatest number of revolutions of the governor at the most outwardposition of its balls by the smallest numher of revolutions thereof atthe least out ward position of its balls. I will hereinafter ex plainhow a governor should be constructed in order to insure this quality inthe highest degree, and I will at the sometime show averysuitableeonstruction ol'sueh a governor; As regards the otherelement of the combina: tion, the intermediate adjusting mechanismbetween the governor proper and the valvegca-r of the engine, thismechanism must be so arranged that one or more parts of the mechanism,no matter which part or parts, may or will be adjusted in such a mannerrelatively to the other parts of "the said mech anism, whilethepunqiing-engine is in motion, as to alter the relative positions ofthat part of the expansion-valve gear which regulates the cut-off, withregard to the balls of the centrifugal governor, and that without at thesame time materially changing the tojnl pro- ,portion of transmission.-between the movenrents of the nut of the governor and the stroke ormovement of that part of the oxpansion-valve gear which regulates thecutoif. Thus the connecting-rod C ll may be made longer or shorter by ascrew and a hand-wheel l), or the same effect as that attained by thuslengthening or shortening the connecting-rod C B may also be attained indifferent other waysfor instance, by providing for i u rning the lever D(J relatively tofthc lever l) 1* or forturningtheleverllA:Inasmuchasevcry adjusting mechanism constitutes a connected system ofrods for traction or pressure and levers, the above conditions for therelative adjustment of-paris are fulfilled by either lengthening orshortening the rods or turning the lovers into different positions. Thesaid adjusting mechanism acts directly upon the expansion-valve gear,the latter in the present case, as shown in the drawings, being supposedto be a Rider expansion-valve gear.

Supposing the device here shown to be connected withasieam-enginefordrivinga pump required to lift water into a reservoir to a c tainheight, and supposing that the steameylinder, the steannpressureremaining uni form and the port-s being quite open, require a certaincutoff-say of 0.l this being, as we will suppose, the necessary cut-olf,according'to the definition of this term as hereinbefore given, then theballs of the governor will, by reason of the corresponding position ofthe Rider gear, assume a certain position or angle of throw. We willsuppose this angle to correspond with, say, sixty revolutions per minuteof the engine, and that the pump will then be lift say, four cubicmeters of water per minute. As long as no change whatever takes place oris elfected, the governor will in the usual manner maintain the numberof revolutions at sixty per minute and the amount of water supplied perminute at four (little meters. Supposing, however, that the quantity ofwater required becomes less-say one cubic meter per minute-and that itbe desired, therefore, to correspondllO ingly reduce the number ofrevolutions of the engine flOillSiXt) to fifteen, the steam-inlet valvebeing kept fully open all the while, or, in other words, no recoursebeing had to throttling of the steam, the attendant will then merelyhave to turn the hand-wheel E,

Fig. 1, in such a direction as to thereby increase the length of theconnecting-rod ll. As the balls of the centrifugal governor, by reasonof inertia, will resist a change in their position and thus retain thelever 1* l) C in its position, the adjusting-lever 15 A will thus atfirst be pressed downward and the cut-oil correspondinglyreduced. Thecut-off for the steam-cylinder having vthus become reduced belowthestandard or noccsszyry degree will no longer be sufficient to overcomethe pressure of the water plus the friction of the en tire engine, andthelatter will therefore have a tendency to stop. This, however, will beautomatically prevented in my improved device in the manner which I willnow explain. Before actually coming to a stop the engine will firstbegin to slow down. The halls of the static governor will, inconsequence, assume a lower position of equilibrium eorrespo'ndin g tothe reduced speed of the engine, thereby causing the adjusting-lever llA to be lifted to suchaposition as again to produce alargcr cut-off orthe necessary cut-otif. This cut-off will not, or at least notmaterially, differ from the cut-elf as previously, but the engine will,as intended, be running slower now in accordanee with the lower positionofgovernorballs. After all these movements will have taken place theadjusting-lever B A will antomatically have assumed its previousposition, and only the configuration of the other parts of thegovernor-and connected adjusting mechanism will have become changed withthe different rotary speed of the governor.

Supposing, on the other hand, that it be desired to increase the workeffect of the pump, or, in other words, to increase the number of itsstrokes, then the hand-wheel E will have to be turned in the oppositedirection, so as to shorten the connecting'rod l3 0, hjig. 1. Thecut-oil. in the'va lve will thus be made larger than the necessarye'ut-ofl, and the engine will have a tendency to runaway. In consequenceof the higher speedof the engine, however, the governor-balls willassume a higher position, thereby in turn causing the lever ofthe valveto be pressed down again into its original position, when it will againproduce approximately the same cut-off as previously, or, in otherwords, giving the necessary cut-oft, the engine now, however, ru nningfaster in accordance with the higher position of theballs of the staticgovernor.

' In 'astatie or approximately static governor which will play only atone and-the same number of revolutions and in which the balls will thenbe either in an elevated or in a lowered position, the actionas abovedescribed with reference to a static governor would not take place, andit is for this very reason that I require for the particular objectpointed out in the introductory part of this spcciihfation a highlystatic governor with a very high degree of dissi1nila rity,whilcthisquality for any other purpose would be of no use whatever For thesake of stating a concrete example and thereby rendering the peculiaraction of my apparatus more intelligible I have in the drawings andspecification assumed the governors hercinbeiore described as being con-'nect-cd with and acting upon a Rider expansionvalve gear. Itisobvious,however, that these governors may also be applied to any kindof expansion-valve gear, such as the Corliss-Sulzer, Colmann, or anyother kind, just as governors of various kinds, such as\Yatts,Iorters,Irolls, llusss,or others, may be applied to all kinds ofexpansion-valve gears. I may even go so far as to say that thevalve-gears above named, so etfectivc in connection with engines forrunning a system of gearing, are rendered still more capable ofdeveloping their peculiar advantages, more particularly forpumping-engincs,when applied in connection with a governor of the kindhereinbefore described.

The limits within which the number of revolutions of engines may beregulated by means of these governors will be greater the more static.the governors proper used in connection therewith will be, or, to use amore concise expression already previously employed, the greater theirregulating power will be. It will be well to leave the peculiardynamometric apparatus, shown in the drawings as connected with the rod0 l; of the tltl-' justiug mechanism, out of consideration altogetherfor the present, as the samewill be specially referred to later on.

Figs. 1, 2, and 2 show a form of governor wherein the proportion betweenthe distance of the fulcrum of the pendulum from the axis of thegovernor, on the one hand, and the length of the said pendulum, on theother hand, may be made relatively great in a very small space, thusrendering this construction particularly well adapted for governors ofthe'kind hereinbefore referred to.

A revolving chamber R V S, Fig. 1, provided with a recessed groove belowfor receiving the nut F, is so mounted on the vertical shaft (2 of thegovernor as to admit of freely moving up or down on the same. Ifdesired, it may also be soarranged on the shaft as to be capable offreely rotating on the same. 7 This, however, is innnaterial. The innersurfaces of the top cover It and the bottom S of the revolving chamberare turned smooth, forming right angles with the governor-shaft Q, theirdistance d from each other being equal to or a fractionsof a millimeterlarger than the diameter d of the two cylindrical weights N. 13y reasonof the varying centrifugal force of the weights N the latter will fromtime to time assume a higher and a lower position, as the case may be,and

' governor will in sea-45o the angle will become eyl ind rieal weightsin ments will (l rr v l largerandsmaller. ihe

i but also autoinaiieally and in such a manner performingthese movei asto eause the working speed of the engine to lieemne automaticallyredneed when the waier or air pressure will have reaehed a predeterminedpoint. Construetional arrangemenis of this lcind are shown in Figs. 1and 3. The most frequent use for governors of this l. d will befor-engines intended for driving wa. 3r or air pumps. In such eases it.is de siraiile to provide means for regulating the said pumps not onlyby hand, as heretofore deserihed, but also automatieallyaml in such amanner as to cause the working speed of the engine to heaui'emaiieallyreduced when the water or air pressure shall have reaeheda predetermined point. (onstruetio'nal arrangements of this kind areshown in Figs. 1 and 3, and I will preeeed to describe the same in thefirst plare with refereneeto Fig. 1.. The movements of the nut 5 of thegovernor proper, Fig. 1 are, hvnvans of the interme- -diatemeelmnism-that is to say, the lever l .ll t and connecting-rod Clltrausmitted i edeviee fol-regulating the cutoff, thelati 1 this easealso being theexpansion-valve l zider gear. Theeonneeting-rod C B isshown as formed in two portions-that a an upper portion rigidlyconnected its lower end withthebarret 11 and alower roriion eonneeted atits upper end with a ger I tightly fitting in the barrel II and ofmovingwithin the 'latter. \Yhen serew L is screwed down, the plunger J sby reason of the arrangement of crossii I, eonnee'iinghars K, and spirali pressed against the bottom of the r. hit a certain force, which may belong as the parts remain in ition the entire dynamometrie appau thusformed between the joints Cand "01's if it did not ex st at; all-that isto i were eonneeted by one i .ine -rod.

" inhe of e'ntta-pereha or other so as not to interfere with 3 revolvingehamher li Y S, with the grooved reeess formed thereon for the nut 1',up and down with them, the said revolving ehamli r, as already stated,being arranged to slide t'reely on the governor-shaft i Q. ThesellllH'Ollltlli are in turn transferred to the expansil n-valvegear ofthe engine hyi means ot the intermediate deviees FD C l; I in the samemanner as previously explained. I The weight. of the ehamberiliincreasethe eneref of the governor, lrigl l, and in spite of this weight therestill an ample regulating ca-ipzieity.

it. has been found that the number of rev Y S serves to i olntions of anengine may ov means of this gmrernor, in manna-lion will: the intemediate merhanisn: hereinhelore deserihed, he regulated within sin-hwide limits that the maxil W iimes as the minimum number 0* r volutions,or. in other words, the ep engn in v the sin" intermeo' ate va sin-h ava iion in the u; may he seem-ml as eonld inati-lv mum numlier ofrevolutions will he as great arbor (it re\ olinl not even ap hereiotoreint ha.

li sui iliiQl'l ili the e 1 the other mechanism. It Us on the one handwith a space tw en the bottom of the barrel It and the J, and on theother hand with the ire-conduit of the pump, the work of mane 1e dropsinto a lower mf is aha-ions is to be regulated.

that, so tar run he governor For the purpose of explaining the device inproper liereinoelorr tiifii' red, eonneetion with a concrete example, wewill it s immaterial whether Y,

assume the same to he applied to a steamei 'ne i'ordriving anair-compressor, the said in aimnpre being intended for working, say,twelve roelwlrills. in this ease the flesh hie i'ulie is arranged sonsto communicate dimade to surround the e as shown in the ()iitlti altheerosssh-nvi: in the plan I may at v a vii-w to nhiain as H and solida shape hie. round eorners of the eylindrit lweie'hts N a indirated inthe same view, Fig. When employing my improved device in ronneetion withplimping-engines [or water or air, it is desirable to 'n'ovide means.t'or regulating the work or et't'et-ta ot the pumps i not only lrvhand,as hereinlietore deseriheil, i

Pt) snrixininl that the pressure of compressed air within the liarrel His exerted below or, as here shown, above the plunger J.

Supposing it required that the air-pressure shall not exceed a certainlimit-say i seven atmospheres, for instance. The pressure of the spiralspringf will by means of the screw .l, he tirst adjusted in suelramanreel with the pressnre-eenduit of the eoinwillth,en,by turning thehand-wheel E in the mannerashereinbefore described, give the engine sucha number of revolutions per minute l i l l l i t l as will either beequal to the required maxiintuit number of one hundred per minute or alittle above. This done, the engine is allowed to work on by itself.Theapparatus'will then act as follows-that is to say: As long as theair-pressure docs ntined limit of seven atmospheres the plunger J willremain at the bottom of the barrel C and l3 will not come into action,but will simply act the same as a rigid baror connec tion between t andl"), the entire regulating not attain the predeter-- ll and thedynamomctrie apparatus between apparatus maintaining the speed ofonchundred or a little more, as originally secured by the adjustment ofthe hand-wheel E.

Supposing now that six of the twelve roclc- 1 drills weresttqipcthasthecompressor will fora while still maintain the previous speed theairprcssure will now rapidly increase, because less air is beingconsumed than is being supplied by the compressor. As soon as theairpressure exceeds the predetermined limit of .seven atmospheres,however, the pressure of air exerted upon the plunger .i will overcomethe resistance of the springf and the plunger will lie pressed'downwithin the barrel ll, thereby in turn pressing down the adjusting-'lever 13 A of the regulating-valve gear, and

thus causing a shorter cut-oft in thesteamcylinder. As previouslyexplained, the result would be that. the engine would now come to astandstill, since the cylinder is no longer reet-ivlngthe"t'equisllc'lit-01f. ever, is again automat ieally prevented on the This, howpart ofthe apparatus, as the engine, and

with it also the static governor, will bel'ore eomiugtoa stop tirstbegin to run slower, thus causingthe governor-balls to drop into a;

' limit the extent of the outward movementot lower position oftltlllllllfl'lllltt, the adjustinglevei: ii A thereby being li 't'ted into itspre' vious posit ion again through the intermmliate 1 devices l l) l;aml again set-nringqhe req-Q 5 per end oreontinuation of the barrel ll,thereuisite amount of eut-otl' in the steam-cylinder.

At thesametimethegovernor-shaft amt also the engine will in accordancewith the j lower position of the governor-lmlls make a smaller number ofrevolutions per niinnte.

it will be understood from the eharacterot the apparatus as describedthat the movements ol'- the plunger .l will be such as to cause theballs of the governortodrop so far and the rotary speed of the engine tobe in consequence reduced to such an extent as to ause the. compressorat all times to supply just. the amo unt ol' airthat is required underthe varying circumstan es, for it the compressor supplies a greateramount of airthcn the pressure will increase still more and the plungerwill be lifted still further, which will cause the speed of the engineto be still further reduced through the regulating device abovedescribed.

Supposing a contrary case-t'h'at is to say, a casein which agreateramonnt of air is required, which may be caused,-f0r instance, byfour of the six rock drills previously stopped being set to work again.In this case the compressor, by reason of thgslow speed which itis asyet retaining, wi'il be s upplying less air than is required.'lheair-pressure will therefore become reduced. This will atv the sautetime cause the air-pressureexerted upon the plungerJto become reduced tosuch an extent as to make it less than the pressure of the spriugf. Theplunger J will therefore be drawn back into its barrel, which will inturn cause the end 1 of-tlte adjusting-lever ii A to be lifted, thusgiving the steanr cylinder a larger cnt-otl. The previous cut.- otfhaving been the requisite amount of cutotf now becomes too great and thcengine will have a tendency to run away. This, however, is againautomatically prevented by the apparatus,- the increased speed liftingthe governor-balls into a more elevated position of equilibrium and theadjusting-lever l A being again lowered through the intermediate devicesL l) 0 ll to such an extent as to again give the requisite amount ofcutott for the steam-cylinder.

lfnless provision is made tot-limiting the extent of movement. ofthe'plunger .l as it is being pressed out of its barrel, it may occurthat the engine will be automatically brought to a standstill throughthe apparatus shown in Fig. 1 when no compressed air is furtherrequired, as in such case, even it the number of revolutions be ever sosmall, the air-pressure will still always be increasing and the plnngenJbe still further pressed out of the barrel .until tinally thq eut-otl'is brought below therequisite amount. x

lo practice it is by no means desirable to have the engine thilsautomatically brought to a standstill.

the plunger in its barrel. This may be cl l'ected by arranging the uppercross-piece K in such a manner as to strike against. the upltistherefore advisable to" and the parts 1 l) D C will act the same as onerigid lever F D The small quanta y of compressed air (or extent ofmovement of the plunger J, Fig. 1, water, as the case may be) suppliedby the applies also in case of the piston J, Fig. 3. machine at such aminimum speed of the en- It is obvious that the construction of my gincmay be removed or blown off through a i apparatus as described withreference to Fig. properly-eonstructed safety-valve. 1 may be applied inall cases where a pump Fig. 3 shows a modification of the appa driven byan expansion steam-engine is to be ratus represented in Fig. l, andconsists in I regulated in such a manner as to be first rendering theadjustment of lever F D 1) given such a number of revolutions by handwith regard to lever D C automatic. A dy- I as to secure the maximumsupply of liquid or namometric apparatus 3! l[ J K, Fig. 3, is gaseousfluid as may for a time be. required here provided between the said twolevers, and to enable the speed of the engine to be the said apparatusbeing actuated by the I automatically reduced to any desired extentpressure of a liquid. The flexible pipe 0, when the pressure of theworking liquid or connected with the pump. to be regulated, fluidexceeds a predetermined limit. and receiving from the same liquid,communicates at its other end with an air-tight chamber below an elasticmembrane M, arranged within a casingll, provided on or connected withlever l) C. The movements of the membrane are transn 'tted to the leverF D I) by means of a piston J and rod K. The I rear portion of lever Fl) l) is drawn toward lever D O by a spring], the tension of which maybe regulated at will by means of the screw-nut L. The said screw-nut- Lis tightened to such an extent as not to allow the piston J on themembrane to be lifted until ton of the accumulator, and in pumps of thethe pressure of the working liquid exceeds a second kind on the height:at which the reserpredetermincd point, say eightatmospheres. voir issituated above the pump. It is not By subsequently turning thehand-wheel E i possible to regulate such pumps by the vai the speed ofthe governor is so adjusted as to ing pressure in the manner abovedescribed, make the pump to be regulated thercbysupfor this reason, thatvarying pressures are, ply the maximum quantity per minute that in thesecases, not intended or do not occur. may be desired for the present, orrather a Another kind of regulation, however, is detriile more. sirablefor cases of this kind-that is to say,

As long as the tension of the liquid does in pumps of the first kindabove referred to not exceed the above predetermined pressure it isdesirable to slackcn the speed of the of eight atmospheres the pistonabove the pump as the piston of the accumulator apniembrane will remainin its lowest position preaches its highest position, and in pumps ofthesecond kind to slacken thespccd of the pump as soon as the water in thereservoir reaches a certain level. These objects may in the case ofpumps for accumulators be attained by means of the auxiliary devicesshownin Figs. 2 and 2" in connection with the governors forming thesubject of this specilication, and in the ease of reservoir-pumps bymeans of the arrangement of pipes shown in Fig. 4.

Instead of arranging the flexible pipe 0,

lg. 1, so as to communicate with the water tus as above described is notsuitable, l1ow ever, for regulating the following classes of pumps-thatis to say, first, force-pumps for hydraulic accumulators driven by wateror air, and, secondly, water-pumps i or discharg ing their water into areservoir situated at a certain height.

1n the pumps above mentioned the pressure of the working liquid alwaysremains uniform, and in pumps of the first kind depends on the pressureexerted upon the pis- As soon, however, as the pressure oft/eightatmospheres is reached and about to be exceeded the membrane M andpiston J will be lifted from their lowest position of rest and thelevers D D and D 0 will be pressed away from each other, or, in otherwords, the angle B will become, reduced. As the lover I" D D, by reasonof the inertia on the partof the static governor connected with the nutF, will in the firstmoment still remainin its position, the lever D Cwill be pressed down, and the speed of the governor, and hence also thatof the engine connected ith the same,will in consequence be automatically and correspondingly reduced in exactly the same manner as alreadyexplained with reference to the construction shown in Fig. l.

Supposing that the pressure of the worle ing liquid now becomes reducedagainsay in consequence of an increase in the consumption of thesame'-the piston on the membrane, by reason of spring f, will again belowered, lever 1) C will be raised, and the speed of the engine willthereby be automate ieally increased. \Vhat has been previously sa dabout the advisability of limiting the with a three-way cock M, Fig. 2by means of the pipe 0. Another pipe 0 likewise entering the three-waycock M communicates with the water in the accumulator, and a thtrd pipe0 is provided for discharging the liquid into the open air. In theposition of the cock as shown in the d rawiugsthat is to say, when isnot in communication with the regulating under pressure, since the spaceabove it within the barrel II is in communication with the openail-through the pipe 0 and its continuation u', as Well as cock M anddischargeof the accumulator direct it is first connected the handle aofthe plug is lowered-the water The particular construction of the appara-I apparatus, and the plunger J, Fig. 1, 'is notlut ions for which ithasbeen adjusted through the hand-wheel E.

that the amount of The piston of We will now suppose watercousumedbecomes less. the accumulatorwillt-hen rise and it will bedesirable to automatically reduce the speed of the pump in accordancewith the reduced consumption of water. This will be cll'eet-ed throughthe governor forming the subject of my invention and shown in Figs. 1and 2" in -before described.

the following manner-that is to say': As soon as the piston ol' theaccumulator has risen to a certain height anarm'connected therewith, butnot. shown in the drawi handle it of the three-way cock M from below,and as the piston continues to risewill lift it up still farther untilit ultimately reaches the position a. In this position the water in pipeo will, by means of the said three-way cock ill and the pipes o and o,be brought int-o communication with the space above the plunger .1, thelatter will be pressed out of its barrel, thereby pressing down theadjusting-lever 13 A and causing the number of revolutions of the engineto become reduced by reason of the lower position of the governor-ballsresulting therefrom, and the adjustiugrlevcr will be subsequently: drawnback into its previous position, thus again securing the requisitecut-oil? tor the steam-cylimler, all as herein- If the consumption ofwater subsetpieutly increases and the piston of the accumulatorbecorrespondinglylowered, then the secondarmconnectedtherewith, but notshown in the drawings, will press down the handle of the three-way cock.\I into the position (I, thus again causing the same position ol' thecock and its connections as shown in the drawings. The water within thepipe o"will-be again eut. otl'andthe space above the plungercommunication with the open air again through the cock )l anddischarge-pipe o viously shown,

p with the barrel ll, Fig. l.

The water collected above the plunger .l being thus allowed to dischargeinto the open air, the said plunger will be drawn into the ,barrel againthrough the spriugf. As prethis will againcausc the number ofrevolutions of the governor andbenee also ol' the e'ugiueto saute timethe regula brought.- back into its Fig. :3" shows a mod mcnt olf theauxiliary apparatu ting mechanism will be original position.

ilication ol'thearranges in Fig. 2". is likewise water, the pipe and thepipe hence also in communication with the o discharges into the openair, o is connected with pipe 11 and ugs,will strike the .I will bebrought into be increased, and at the \\'hen the piston the one handthis of the accumulator rises, an arm connected therewith, but not shownin the drawings,

will strike against an elongation 'v' of a valve 76 lift the said valveto be admitted' o and to enter J, pressing r from below and thereby r,thus' causing the water from the pipe into 0' and the barrel ll abovetlie plunger the same out of its barrel and thereby tend- 7 engine. atthe same through the the discharge-opening of the said pipe 0 being made80 of much smaller sectional area, than those of the pipes o, o, and oncertain pressure, 211- j though of reduced volume, will still prevailwithin the said pi es and connections, this pressure being stil upon theplunger J to overcomotho pressure of the spring f. When the piston ofthe accumulator is'subsequcntly lowered'a'gain, the arm above referredto as being connected with it will likewise be lowered with tag thevalve 17 and its elongation v'to dropi and to again cut off the waterwithin the pipe o from the regulating apparatus, whereupon; the spring fwill again draw the plunger J back into its barrel, the theplunger beingforced pipe 1/ into the open air begiirto run faster.

The discharge 0' Fig. 2), may also be 'en suflicient in its action imau9 water eollectedabove tirely dispensed with by arranging the elon- I 00gatiou r o'f 'the valve so as not to tit quite closely with thevalve-chaiuber -say' by dispensing with a stuffing-box and simplyallowing it to enter the valve-chamber through an aperture with acertain amount of m y. spacethus formed will then take the place oft-hespecial discharge-pipe o v The auxiliary apparatuses shown in Figs:2 and may be applied in exactly the same manner in connection wit-lithe[construction 1 represented in Fig. 23, as well as with thatin Fig;- I.It is also obvious that in applying the auxiliary pparatus of -l*igs. 2and "fit is not necessary, .e'ther as regards Fig. 1 or we. 2}, to givethe stu 'a-ny special tension 1 to depend just exaet'l 031,11the-pressure ot' the working liquid wit in the accumulator. All that-isrequired in this respect is that on tension shall be less than thet'ullpressure exertedupou thepl-unge-r J, -.t Figs. l and It, on thepart of the we: liquid in case of the device in Fig. :3" and less thanthe reducedpressure in the ease of the device in Fig. 2", and on theother hand that the tensionsltaltbe at least sutlicienttodraw 1-position of rest the plunger .1 back into its when the pressure of theworking liquid has ceased to act upon the plunger and at; the same timeto overcome the resistance of the intermediate parts tot-transmittingthe mo'x'ei ments bet ween the governor and expansion- \"al\'egear.These two opposite limits for the tension of the springs l' areso farremoved from each other as to"ren ler it very easy to The I05 seeuresome intermediate degree t. tension by properly adjusting the screws ll,l igsyl and 3.

' engine of the resrwvoir-pump.

What. has been previously stated with regard to automatically bringingthe engine to 5 a standstill and automatically ,roducing a I j enginewill be making that numberofrevoluminimum number oi revolutions of thesame without causing a dead step through the mechanism in Figs. 1 and 3portance in the case of such pumps i'or ar -1imulators as those in whichthe pistons are nearly always working in their highest p tion, whichthey must not be allowed to eeed. Newsupposingthat bycertain mcan..,thoparticulars of which do not here concern us, provision had been madeforautoniaticall bringing the engines for the forcing-pump to astandstill each time the piston ot' the accumulator had attained itshighestposition, (this very often occurringseveral times in the courseof one minute,) in such case it may very easily occur that when thepiston of the accumulator lowered the engine will not at. once moveagain by itself, which may prove of very serious consequences for themachinery and the people employed on the sameas, for instance, insteel-works, foun- It. is therefore preferable not to bring theforcing-pumps to a standstill at a high position of theaccunnilator-piston, but merely to automaticallygive them aminimumnumberofrevolulions. lhe small quanlily of water that is stillbeing lifted by the pumps at sueha small number of revolutions may beallowed to escape through safetyvalves or discharged through a suitablealve arranged so as to be opened by the aeennne later-piston whenreaching its highest position, unless some other use may be found forthe water.

In the arrangements shown in Figs. 1 and 3 theengine instead of beingbrought to standstill is simply given a minimum number of revolutions,as alrcadystated. 'lh is is attaincd by limiting the extent of outwardmovement of the plunger 3, Figs. 1 and 23, preferably by means of anadjustable collar or similar device in such a manner as to allow thesaid plunge-rs to move out of their barrels only so far at the lowestposition of the governor balis as to barely secure the requisite cut-oilthroughthe adjusting-lover] 3 A, hi 1. 'Fig. 4 shows an arrangement ofpipes serving as an auxiliary apparatus by means of which the automaticgovernor as represented in Figs'l and 3 may also be applied in the easeof pumps for reservoirs. The water is by means of pipe Q conveyed to areservoir it having an overflow S, Fig. l. At its lower end the saidpipe ocommunicates with the reservoir R at a* 11* a little below thelevel of the overflow At itslower end the said pipe 0' is provided witha discharge o of smaller section than the pipe o for automaticallyremoving the liquid from pipe o and diseharglngitintqthe open air. Thepipe oeonneeted with the pipe 0 laterally is the same liexihle is ofspecial in;

see rm pipe already referred to as communicating with the apparatus forregulating the steam- Ho long as the water within the reservoir itremains below the level a" if the automatic regulating device, Fig. l or3, will remain inactive andthe lions to which it hasbecn adjusted byanaus ot' the haml-wvhcel ii, l'ig. I orj Supposing,

' however, that the water within the said reservoir, l g. 4, begins torise above the level 11* f then the pipe (1' will be tilled with water,although part of the water will escape through the distharge (F, thelatter being of much smaller section. The pressure ul' the water willpass tl rough the llexiblepipc o into the dynr.nnnnetrir apparatus, toriand will bring ti o same into action, as already described, in such amanner as to reduce the speed of the engine, thus causing the pump tohit a eorrespondiuglysmall amount of water. If the consumption of waterfrom the said reservoir ll increase again, then the water-level willsink, the water-within the pipe 0 will be discharged througlnofland thepressure within pipe 0, and hence alsowithinthedynantometricapparatus,will cease, the said apparatus resuming its previous position andthcreoycausingtheeuginetu re gn-tin itsforlner speed, as alreadydescribed.

llaving thus fully described my invention, what ldesire to claim andsecure by Letters Patent; is-

1. In a pumping-engine with variable expansion the combination with astrongly static centrifugaligovernor of high regulating capacity, of anadjusting mechanism 1 l) (i l3, and of means capable of being operatedsubstantially as described by the liquid pumped, for lengthening andshortening the red C ll oi; the said mechanism while the cn gine isrunning, so as to thereby alter the relative positions of the memberwhich regulates the eut-oil' in the ex mnsion-valve gear and of theballs of the centrifugal governor, without. at the same time alteringthe total proportion of transmission between the stroke or movement; ofthe said member of the val ve-gear and the throw of the governorballs,substantially asand for the purpose setforth.

in combination with the adjusting device l l) U i3 intermcdiatethocentrifugal governor andthc expansion-valve gear ofa pumping-engine asdescribed, a governor havingecnut: 11 adapted tohave the verticalmovements of the said weights transmitted to it, and a chamber RV Scarrying the said nutand surrounding the governor-shaft, but otherwisefreely movable, the said chamber surrounding t-he said weights by meansot interior horizoutal top andbottomsurfaces,substantially as and{Uri/lit} pu 'pose'set. forth.

2%. in combination with the adjusting device l ll C l3 intermediate thecentrifugal goveruorand theexpansion-valve gearol'apump- "-engi.=ie asdeseribed, a governor lmvingeccentrically-suspended cylindrical weightsN,a nut Radapted to have the vertical movements of the said weightstransmitted '50 it, and a chamber R V S carrying the said'nut andsurrounding the governor-shaft, but otherwise freely movable, the saidchamber resting on the said weights with an interior horizontal topsurface, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In combination, with a governor, eccentrieally-suspended weights, achamber arranged on the governor-shaft so as to move freely thereon andsurrounding the said weights and a nut connected with the said chamberand with the regulating-gear of the steam-engine,substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

5. In combination with a governor, eccentrically-suspended weights, achamber ar ranged so as to move freely on the governorshaft andsurrounding the said cylindrical weights by means of interior horizontaltop and bottom surfaces and a nut connected with the said chamber andwith the regulatingvalve gear of the steam-engine, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

6. In combination with a governor, eccentrieaily-suspended weights, achamber arranged so as to move freely on the governorshaft and restingupon the said weights with two subscribing witnesses.

its interior horizontal top surface and a nut ,conneeted with the saidchamber and with the regulating-valve gear of thesteam-engine,substautial1yas and for the purpose set forth. 35 7. Incombination with a steam'engine, a governor havingeecentrieally-suspended eylindrical weights the upward and downwardmovements of which are transmitted to a nut arranged on a chambersurrounding the gov- 4o ernor-shaft but otherwise freely movable, thesaid chamber either surrounding the cylindrical swinging weights bymeans of interior horizontal top and bottom surfaces or simply restingon the said weights with an interioi' 5 horizontal top surface,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. In a steam-engine the combination, with the governor-shaft Qof theswinging weights IN, the ehamberR V S, the nut F and the de- 50 v ices FD G B for transmitting movements to the regulating-valve gear,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of 55 FRANZ JOSEPH WEIS. Witnesses: GEoRen GIFFORD,

CHIS. A. RICHTER.

